ST_DWithin
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## Name

ST_DWithin — Tests if two geometries are within a given distance

## Synopsis

`boolean ST_DWithin(`geometry g1, geometry g2, double precision distance_of_srid`)`;

`boolean ST_DWithin(`geography gg1, geography gg2, double precision distance_meters, boolean use_spheroid = true`)`;

## Description

Returns true if the geometries are within a given distance

For geometry: The distance is specified in units defined by the spatial reference system of the geometries. For this function to make sense, the source geometries must be in the same coordinate system (have the same SRID).

For geography: units are in meters and distance measurement defaults to `use_spheroid`=true. For faster evaluation use `use_spheroid`=false to measure on the sphere.

Use ST_3DDWithin for 3D geometries.

This function call includes a bounding box comparison that makes use of any indexes that are available on the geometries.

This method implements the OGC Simple Features Implementation Specification for SQL 1.1.

Availability: 1.5.0 support for geography was introduced

Enhanced: 2.1.0 improved speed for geography. See Making Geography faster for details.

Enhanced: 2.1.0 support for curved geometries was introduced.

Prior to 1.3, ST_Expand was commonly used in conjunction with && and ST_Distance to test for distance, and in pre-1.3.4 this function used that logic. From 1.3.4, ST_DWithin uses a faster short-circuit distance function.

## Examples

    -- Find the nearest hospital to each school
    -- that is within 3000 units of the school.
    --  We do an ST_DWithin search to utilize indexes to limit our search list
    --  that the non-indexable ST_Distance needs to process
    -- If the units of the spatial reference is meters then units would be meters
    SELECT DISTINCT ON (s.gid) s.gid, s.school_name, s.geom, h.hospital_name
      FROM schools s
        LEFT JOIN hospitals h ON ST_DWithin(s.geom, h.geom, 3000)
      ORDER BY s.gid, ST_Distance(s.geom, h.geom);

    -- The schools with no close hospitals
    -- Find all schools with no hospital within 3000 units
    -- away from the school.  Units is in units of spatial ref (e.g. meters, feet, degrees)
    SELECT s.gid, s.school_name
      FROM schools s
        LEFT JOIN hospitals h ON ST_DWithin(s.geom, h.geom, 3000)
      WHERE h.gid IS NULL;

    -- Find broadcasting towers that receiver with limited range can receive.
    -- Data is geometry in Spherical Mercator (SRID=3857), ranges are approximate.

    -- Create geometry index that will check proximity limit of user to tower
    CREATE INDEX ON broadcasting_towers using gist (geom);

    -- Create geometry index that will check proximity limit of tower to user
    CREATE INDEX ON broadcasting_towers using gist (ST_Expand(geom, sending_range));

    -- Query towers that 4-kilometer receiver in Minsk Hackerspace can get
    -- Note: two conditions, because shorter LEAST(b.sending_range, 4000) will not use index.
    SELECT b.tower_id, b.geom
      FROM broadcasting_towers b
      WHERE ST_DWithin(b.geom, 'SRID=3857;POINT(3072163.4 7159374.1)', 4000)
        AND ST_DWithin(b.geom, 'SRID=3857;POINT(3072163.4 7159374.1)', b.sending_range);

## See Also

ST_Distance, ST_3DDWithin

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